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Now that the basic barren landscape has been produced you may begin the colorful creative part of landscaping your layout the way you want it to be. Your own creative license can be taken from an area you have seen in your travels or something you found in a magazine, book or out of your imagination.

You may have made your layout mountainous, rolling hills, open plains, semi-tropical, an arid desert conditions or something in between. In all cases, there are means to reproduce exactly what you want.

I am going to use an example that I have done in developing an interesting and colorful landscape. First we will provide you with the basic needs required to accomplishing your particular landscape.

You will need Elmer's Glue or similar type glue both in a large spray can and also Hard Bound Glue in a large plastic squeeze bottle; At least, two plastic bottles of rubbing alcohol and two long eyedroppers; Quart spray bottle; Quart sized plastic bottles with cap; Hot Glue Gun; Paint of your choosing. Eyedroppers can be found at your local hobby store.

The paint that I use comes from any household paint store. The cheapest way is to go to one of the big home stores to their paint department. Usually you will find a table with cans of paint for sale that was never bought or was left over from a paint project. The cans come in quart and gallon sizes. They usually run from .00 to .00 a piece. I have found most of the colors I want by doing this. There is always an exception to this process so you may have to buy one or two cans of paint at regular price.

In my opinion buying scenic paints at the hobby store is a big waist of money.

The pre-made scenic items you will need are the various types of grasses, weeds, turf, dirt, gravel, etc. Some of these things you can make your self or find in a field, hill side, at the beach or on river edges. However, the majority of the grasses, weeds, turf, course material and simulated types of dirt can be had through different manufacturers at your hobby store or on a WEB site. In developing these types of materials, the sky is the limit.

Trees and brush can either be made or bought ready made. Fabricated trees are costly at best. However, the bags of course materials of all shades of green, etc., may be purchased reasonably. The trees on the other hand require some ingenuity. The best methods I know are to buy skewing sticks, loose furnace filter material, tapered dowel, dried cedar strips that can be shaped into a trunk of a tree and the same glue materials as aforementioned.

Shall we get started on project. First thing to do is paint the surface of the bear landscape you created in the Part I article. As you have many choices of landscape to work with choose a paint(s) to begin the coloring process. You may blend the paints as you are going along to get a natural contrast of the real environment.

Once you have begun the painting process don't do the whole thing at once. Pick an area to do that isn't very large. I do this so that I can sprinkle some of the landscape grasses, turf, etc., on the wet paint before it dries. This is a time saver and it gives you a perspective of how things are going to look as you develop the scenery. Continue this process all the way through changing the colors and materials to meet each particular scene that you are developing. The next step is to fill in areas that do not have enough fauna to your liking. This is done by mixing the hardbound glue in water. Use the plastic bottle with the lid and poor the glue into the bottle about one third the way up. Add the remanding part of the bottle with water. Shake the bottle until you have a watery solution.

Spread the media that you have chosen over the area of the landscape you wish to cover. You may mix what ever materials you are using to increase the contrast of the scene. Take one of the bottles of rubbing alcohol and with the eyedropper spread the alcohol over the material. You may do this in steps as the alcohol will evaporate quickly. Now take the other eyedropper and draw the mixed glue from the bottle. Spread the glue over the area where you have soaked with alcohol.

The reason you use the alcohol is that it breaks down the resistance where you intend to glue the material to the scene. It also helps to seal the area so it does not come off when you are finished.

The trees can be made by pulling out a handful of furnace filter stretching it out about the length of the skewing stick. You insert the skewing stick covered with Elmer's spray glue or the like and insert the stick into the filter material. Once dry you may shape the tree as needed by pulling on the filter material and trimming it with a pair of scissors. You just repeat this process until you have enough trees to get started. Your trees may vary in size by cutting the skewing stick to the length you want. For bigger trees, I would use the cedar rather than the doweling. It is cheaper and you get a more realistic looking trunk with the cedar.

There are cases where buying the kit trees are advantageous and can save time. The kit trees are reasonable to purchase. It is the pre-made trees that get expensive. They range from .00 to .00 apiece.

Once the trees are made I recommend that you use the hot glue gun to mount your trees. I've used other methods such as Crazy glue and Elmer's glue with average to poor success. If you can make a small hole in the surface of the landscape, without damaging the surface, just large enough to house the trunk of the tree using a fast setting glue will work fine.

In a future article, I will explain the use of synthetic water made from plastic resins. This will include the use of different types of rock material and other media you may want in your stream or river bed. Also, how to simulate a water fall or culvert filled with water.

Article
GMC Collectible Motorhome by J Shipper

In the 1970's, General Motors entered the RV market. Drawing on the exuberance of the times, the company set out to create the ultimate American Motor home. Their aim was to produce a top-of the-line vehicle with cutting-edge design and construction, not just another competitor in the already crowded vacation vehicle market. The common design in this era was a boxy, ungainly and top-heavy unit on a truck chassis. The GMC vehicle was intended to be a completely new design in every way. Design work began in 1970, with the market introduction planned for 1973. Doesn't look like a box or ride like a truck was the GMC ad slogan.

The new vehicle would be unusual for this era in several ways. First of all, it was to have a front wheel drive, a rare concept in cars of that day and unheard-of in mobile homes. The drive train and suspension were taken from the design of the Oldsmobile Toronado. The 265 horsepower 455 cubic inch Oldsmobile engine was attached to a Turbohydramatic 425 transmission with torsion bar suspension. The rear suspension was a product of GM's bus design, using dual swing arms, one leading and one trailing, with a single air spring on each side. Instead of a autobody steel, the body was to be made of lightweight aluminum and molded fiberglass-reinforced plastic such as was used in the Chevrolet Corvette.

The front wheel drive and independent swing arm rear suspension brought great improvement to the standard motorhome design. The lack of drive shafts and axles underneath the coach allowed a very low floor height, leading in turn to a low overall vehicle height and lower center of gravity. Aside from easier entry and exit, this reduced rollover risk and wind resistance and made the vehicle much safer and easier to operate for buyers accustomed only to car driving. A six-wheel braking system, with disc brakes on the front and drum brakes on all four rear wheels, further enhanced drivability.

Previous motorhome design focused mainly on the use of the vehicle as a temporary home once it had reached its destination, an extended stay in a mobile home park or a camping spot. Ease of getting to the destination was of secondary concern, and cumbersome handling on the road was taken for granted. GMC made a special point of targeting this feature for improvement by adding visibility from the driver's seat with a panoramic expanse of glass.

The motorhome was featured in 23 foot and 26 foot lengths, fairly small even for this era. Nowadays, much larger models are common. The motorhome's interior design was compact, with no permanent sleeping areas in the original design. All beds were converted from seating areas when required.

Hot water was provided by water heaters using engine coolant loops, which produced water so hot it could actually present a scalding hazard since coolant temperatures usually exceed 200 degrees Fahrenheit. The refrigerator was powered by a standard automotive battery, adequate only for overnight use before recharging.

The prototype was first displayed in May 1972 at the Transpro '72 trade show in Washington, D.C. Production started in 1973 with two models, Model 230 and Model 260, 23 and 26 feet long respectively.They were sold with a finished interior for the public as well as unfinished to other RV manufacturers such as Avion and Coachman, who then provided their own interiors before reselling to consumers. 30 different floor plans were available, and models were priced from ,000 to ,000.

The GMC vehicle changed slightly over time, the most notable alteration coming in 1977 when the 455 cubic inch engine was replaced by a 403 cubic inch model in response to the energy crisis. This decade caused hardship for all RV manufacturers as the increased price of fuel pushed large gas guzzling vehicles out of the market. The GMC motorhome had never sold at high volumes, and the company decided that the RV production facilities could be more profitably used to make light trucks. After the manufacture of 12,921 vehicles, production of motorhomes was discontinued after the 1978 model year.

Almost immediately after production ceased, GMC motorhomes became collectors' items, with owners' associations being established to provide parts and service for these vehicles. Small manufacturers and garages developed a cottage industry servicing them. In 1992, as General Motors prepared to scrap all remaining tools and parts, Cinnabar Engineering purchased all the motorhome manufacturing supplies and negotiated a deal to continue to provide parts for the discontinued vehicles. In 1992, a monthly magazine called GMC Motorhome Marketplace was introduced, and in 1994 Cinnabar started publishing a quarterly newsletter called GMC Motorhome News.

The vehicle's futuristic design has even found a place in pop culture: Mattel Toys created die-cast versions of the GMC motorhome for its Hot Wheels line. More than 50 different GMC Hot Wheels are available, and in 1977, Mattel released three toy GMC versions in a Barbie Doll Star Traveler promotion.

In an amazing example of customer loyalty and product durability, more than 8,000 units are still registered by owners. An internet search of GMC Motorhome produces 771,000 results, as sites advertise motorhome parts, engines and upgrades as well as classic car rallies for owners. Used GMC motorhomes sell for ,000 to ,000 depending on the condition of the vehicle.

http://www.ezinearticles.com/?GMC-Collectible-Motorhome&id=125313
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  • GMC Collectible Motorhome by J Shipper
    In the 1970's, General Motors entered the RV market. Drawing on the exuberance of the times, the company set out to create the ultimate American Motor home. Their aim was to produce a top-of the-line vehicle with cutting-edge design and construction, not just another competitor in the already crowded vacation vehicle market. The common design in this era was a boxy, ungainly and top-heavy uni
    http://www.ezinearticles.com/
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